Renaissance+and+Reformation

Renaissance and Reformation, (1350 - 1555) By: Jordan Beck and Reed Cronin

**__Terms:__** **__Secular:__** A wordly viewpoint that emerged as increasing wealth created new possibilites for the enjoyment of material things. **__Mercenaries:__** Soldiers who sold their services to the highest bidder in the Italian Renaissance. **__Fresco:__** A painting done on fresh, wet plaster with water-based paints, during the Artistic Renaissance. **__Salvation:__** Acceptance into Heavean, ordinary people desired meaningful religous expression and assurance of this. **__Christian Humanism:__** Or Northern Renaissance humanism, major goal of movement was the reform of the Catholic Church.

__**People:**__
 * 1) __Leonardo da Vinci:__ was a man of many talents, he was a painter, sculptor, architect, inventor, and a mathmatician.
 * 2) __Dante:__ wrote the //Divine Comedy,// which is a story in the Italian vernacular and is about the soul's journey to salvation.
 * 3) __Marten Luther:__ a young monk began the Protestant Reformation because he presented a list of Ninety five Theses that disagreed with the church practice of indulgences.
 * 4) __Francesco Sforza:__ Conquered Milan and became the duke and became the leader of a band of mercenaries.
 * 5) __Giovonni Medice:__ Was credited with starting the Renaissance, part of the leading family of Florence, built projects beautify Florence

__Quote__
"Art is never finished, only abandoned." Leonardo da Vinci



People that lived between 1350 and 1550 beleived that they had witnessed a rebirth which marked a new age.They call this The Italian Renaissance, Renaissance meaning rebirth. There were three main parts to this Renaissance the first was that Italy was a urban society. So powerful city states became the centers of Italian political, economic, and social life. Increasing wealth created the enjoyment of material things. The second part was it was an age of recovery from disasters of the fourteenth century. They also became interested in the culture of the ancient Mediteranean world, this affected both politics and art. The third part was that people began to empahasize individual ability. To the people a well-rounded person was capable of achiebements in many areas of life. A good example of this is Leonardo da Vinci, he was a painter, sculptor, architect, inventor, and mathematician.

During the middle ages, Italy did not have a single strong ruler which made it possible for city-states to remain independant. Three of the main city states in northern and central Italy were Milan, Venice and Florence. Milan was ruled by the Visconti family for many years. During these years Milan was one of the richest city-states in Italy. Franceso Sforza became the new duke in 1447. Sforza built a strong centralized state, by creating a good tax system which generated revenues for the government. Venice was a republic with an elected leader called a Doge, but was really run by a small group of merchant aristocrats who ran it on their own interest. Venice was an international power, because of it's trade empire. Florence government was also run by a wealthy group of merchants. The Florentimes were successful in many wars against thier neighbors which made them a major city-state in Italy. Cosimo de' Medici took control of the city in 1434, and using his wealth ran the government.

Martin Luther was a monk and a professor at the University of Wittenberg, here he taught about the Bible. When reading the bible he thought that the way priest were teaching the bible was wrong. He felt that the Bible was the only source of religious truth. The Catholic Church believed that faith and good works were needed to gain personal salvation, this is just on reason that Martin Luther did not agree with the Catholic Church. The main reason that Martin Luther was upset with the Church was by the wide spread selling of indulgence. In responce to this Martin Luther posted the Ninety-five Theses on the Churches door. The Church excommunicated him in January 1521, because they were unable to accept his ideas. Even so Luther was able to gain support from the German rulers. With their help Martin was able to set up state dominated churches. Soon after Luther became known as Lutheranism and the churches were called Lutheran churches.

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__Timeline__

 * 1) 1350- The italian Renaissance begins
 * 2) 1434- The de' medici family takes control of Florence
 * 3) 1450- Christian humanism spreads in northern Europe
 * 4) 1455- Gutenberg prints Bible using movable type
 * 5) 1508- Michelangelo begins painting the Sistine Chapel
 * 6) 1517- Martin Luther initiates the Protestant Reformation
 * 7) 1519- Charles I of Spain is elected Holy Roman Emperor
 * 8) 1534- Henry VII creates the Church of England
 * 9) 1545- The Council of Trent is formed
 * 10) 1553- Mary Tudor, "Bloody Mary," becomes Queen of England

Renaissance Secrets This site talks about Venice, movable type printing, and the writings and art of this time. The Renaissance Connection This site has many visual pictures of the artworks made in this time that you can look at in depth, it also has some online activities. Martin Luther This site talks about how Martin Luther challenged the Catholic Church, it also has Trivia questions to test your knowledge. ReniassanceThis site talks about all of the topics of the Reniassance some examples are Exploration, trade, printing ,and thinking. Centre for Reformation and Reniassance Studies This site is written by the University of Toronto and has links, buletin boards, and books collections. media type="youtube" key="NBa0hhzw7cw" width="425" height="350"