Age+of+Exploration

Age of Exploration, (1500 AD - 1700 AD) By: Jordan Beck and Reed Cronin

__**People:**__
__Christopher Columbus:__ Born in Genora, Italy in 1451. he was the European discoverer of New World and he spread Christianity. __Vasco da Gama__: The 1st European to reach India in 1498, he gained huge profits from spices that equaled 60 times the cost of voyage. __Pope Alexander VI:__ Settled rivalry between Spain and Portugal. In result, Spain had right to claim most of North and South America. __Hernan Cortes:__ Conquerer of Aztec Empire in Mexico in 1521. Conquistadores were Spanish Conqueres and "Conquer or die!" was the motto of Cortes. __Ferdinand Magellan:__ The 1st to sail around the world from 1519 - 1521. He renamed the South Sea to Pacific Ocean and died claiming Philippine Islands.

The Age of Exploartion lasted from 1450 to 1750. The reasons for the Voyages of Exploration were God, Glory, and Gold. The economics of this time period were expansion of trade, precious metals, and spice trade. Mercantilism was an econ. theory that meant wealth = power. Because of this theory there was an increase in gold and silver supply and the balance of trade was nations would export more goods than import. Countries and people would also try to aquire land and the new territory would be linked with the parent country, these new land areas were known as colonies. During the Age of Exploration, the religion was a spread of Christianity. Along with the Voyages of Exploration there was Advances in Technology of Exploration. The art and science of map making originated during this time and is known as cartography. The concept of latitude and longitude was also developed during the Advances in Technology of Exploration. Astrolabe was also developed during this time, it's to measure the position of stars in order to attain latitude. Another advancement was better ships which had multiple masts, triangle shaped sails, and a stern rudder along with the ships sailing closer together. The use of cannons and firemans was also advanced.

The Portuguese Explorations lead way in the voyages of expansion. Prince Henry was known as "the navigator", he lived in the 1400's and had a school for sailors named Sagres. The Portuguese started slave trade in 1441 along the West Coast of Africa (Gold Coast for gold and ivory). Several decades later, in 1481, King John the 2nd wanted trade empire with India and China. In 1487, Bartholomeu Dias rounded the tip of Aftica and named in the Cape of Storms. While King John the 2nd was traveling to India he renamed it the Cape of Good Hope. However, the first European to reach India was Vasco da Gama in 1498. He gained a huge profit from spices which equaled 60 times the cost of voyage. Pedro Cabral claimed Brazil for Portugal in 1500 when he was blown off course and landed in Brazil. A port of the west coast of India named Goa was set up in 1510 by Admiral Albuquerque. On the port there was a stopping station to Spice Islands, China and Japan.

English Explorers were also a big part of the Age of Exploration. The first was John Cabot who sailed to the coast of North America in 1497. Martin Frobisher discovered the Northwest Passage in 1570 when he sailed from North America to Asia. The first Englishman to sail around the world was Francis Drake from 1577 - 1580. He led English piracy "Sea Dogs" which raided Spanish colonies. In 1588 the Spanish Armada became an Admiral and defeated Spanish fleet, in result, England then controlled the Atlantic ocean. While seeking to find the Northwest Passage in 1609, Henry Hudson discovered the Hudson River. The first permanent English settlement in North America was Jamestown, Virginia in 1607, tobacco was the cash crop and was founded by John Smith. During the time of the English Explorers, French Explorers were also making history. In 1524, Giovanni Da Verranzando explored the coast of North America from Carolinas to Nova Scotia. Jacques Cartier soon after discovered the St. Lawrence River in 1534. The first permanent French settlement in the Americas was New France or Quebec. The settlement was founded by Samuel De Champlain from 1603 - 1615. Louis Joliet and Jacques Marquette explored the Mississippi River in 1673. The last major accomplishment of the French Explorers was when Robert La Salle claimed Louisiani for France in 1682.

__Quote__
"By prevailing over all obstacles and distrations, one may unfailingly arrive at his chosen goal or destination." Christopher Columbus

**__Terms:__**
Age of Exploration This site has many links and talks about the reasons and people of this time, it also shows maps of some of the explorations The Age of Exploration This site talks about each of the countries explorations and talks about many of the famous people from this time it also has many good links and pictures European Explorers- Age of Exploration In this site it talks about all of the explorers of this time and where they were from, it also has links to maps that show in detail the explorers trips Explorers Lesson Plans This site has powerpoint lessons, videos, games, and quizes that will help you to learn everything about this time The Age of Exploration This link has many different activities/games that will test your knoledge, for example "Who's that Explorer" it also has many helpful links. media type="custom" key="12013099" media type="youtube" key="b3fYF6YvesA" width="425" height="350"
 * __Conquistadors:__** The Spanish conquerers were individuals whose guns and admiration brought to them incredible success.
 * __Mercantilism:__** A set of principles that dominated economic thought in the seventeenth century during the Age of Exploration.
 * __Balance of Trade:__** The difference in value between what a nation import and what it exports over time.
 * __Colony:__** A settlement of people living in a new territory, linked with the parent country by trade and direct government control.
 * __Middle Passage:__** The journey of slaves from Africa to the Americas, the middle portion of the triangular trade route.

__**Timeline-**__
__1. 1492-__ Christopher Columbus, an Italian, explored the Caribbean thinking it was Asia on a voyage paid for by Queen Isabella of Spain. __2. 1497-__ John Cabot and Amerigo Vespucci explore the Americas along the New England coast after realizing what Columbus had discovered. __3. 1518__- First boatload of slaves brought directly from Africa to the Americas. __4. 1519-__ Spanish begin conquest of Mexico. __5. 1520__- Magellan sails into Pacific Ocean. __6. 1595-__ First Dutch fleet arrives in India. __7. 1630-__ English found Massachusetts Bay Colony. __8. 1650__- Dutch occupy Portuguese forts in Indian Ocean trading areas. __9. 1700-__ English establish colonial empire in North America. __10. 1767-__ Burmese sack Thai capital. media type="custom" key="12052119"