World+of+Islam

= World of Islam, (600 - 1500) By: Jordan Beck and Reed Cronin =

Terms:

 * __Sheik:__** The ruler of a tribe who was chosen from one of the leading families by a council of elders.
 * __Quran:__** The holy book of the religion of Islam which is part of the final revelations of Allah.
 * __Hajj:__** Place known as Makkah where all Muslims are encouraged to make a pilgrimage.
 * __Shiite:__** One of two groups when Islam split. They accept only the descendants of Ali as true rulers of Islam.
 * __Bazaar:__** Meaning covered market was an important part of every Muslim city or town, goods from many regions were available at the bazaar.

People:
__1. Muhammad__: Lived from 570 AD to 632 AD, founder of Islam and the prophet of Allah. Viewed as the best man for Shiites and Sunnis. __2. Charles Martel:__ Was known as "The Hammer" and stopped the spread of Islam into Western Europe. __3. Saladin__: "The Magnificent" who lived in 1187. Was a Muslim who destroyed Christian forces and captured Jerusalem. __4. Vlad the Impaler__: Lived in 1460 AD and was the prince of Southern Transylvania. Was known as Dracula "Son of the Devil" __5. Mu'awiyah__: The governor of Syria who became the Caliph during the conquests of the Muslim army.

The geography of the World of Islam mainly consisted of the Arabian Peninsula which is modern Saudi Arabia. The Arabian Peninsula is the largest peninsula in the world covering 1 million square miles. The Southwestern area of the World of Islam is well-watered valleys between mountains. Much of the Arabian Peninsula is made up desert land. The deserts Rub al Khali (largest sand mass on planet), An Nafud, and Ad-Dahna are all part of the Arabian Desert which makes up two-thirds of the Arabian Peninsula. However, the Arabian desert also extends into modern Jordan, Kuwait, U.A.E., Saudi Arabia, and Qatar. The the desert land there are fertile areas near springs and water sources known as Oasis's. The Persian Gulf, Arabian Sea, Gulf of Aden, Red Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea are the bodies of water which surround the Arabian Peninsula.

A Muslim is a follower of Islam and if faithful is guaranteed eternal peace. The Muslim religion is monotheistic, it has one God known as Allah who created and sustains the universe and Muhammad is his prophet. The city of the prophet is Medina originally called Yathrib. July 16th, 622 AD was the first year of the Muslim Calender. The Dome of the Rock is located in Jerusalem and is said to be where Muhammad ascended into Paradise. There are 5 pillars of Islam which are the teachings of the Muslim religion. First, there is no god but Allah and Muhammad is his prophet. Second, pray 5 times a day "God is Great!" and face Mecca (Holy city of Islam). Third is Give Alms to needy (Zakat). Fourth fast during Ramadan the holy month. Laslty you must make a pilgrimage to Mecca known as a hajj at least once during lifetime. Islam is similar to Christianity except for the fact that Muslims don't think that Jesus was "Allah's" prophet. The religion of Islam is split into two groups, the Sunnis and the Shiites. Sunnis are "Follwers of the Way" and only the Koran can explain Allah and his teachings. The majority of Muslims are Sunnis. Shiites believe that Imam could interpret the Koran and Allah's teachings. They are violent and radical and are in modern Iraq and Iran.

The Koran is the holy book of Islam and is where the words of Allah were revealed to Muhammad. The Koran and Arabic language are the unifying forces of the Islamic World. Shari'dh provided laws for Muslims, they are forbidden to gamble, eat pork, or drink alcoholic beverages and men could have up to four wives. The Mosque is the temple of worship for Muslims and Minarets are slender towers used to call prayer to the people. A Muezzin calls faithful to prayer. The prayer leader is known as the Imam and leads worshipers in prayer. Kaaba is Arabic for square building and is the holiest shrine of Islam. The Great Mosque house the Ka'bah and is located in the holy city of Mecca. Black stone (black meteorite) is said to have been sent from heaven and is blessed by Allah. Kissing the stone blesses the pilgrim. The spread of Islam was very rapid in history and remains the second largest religion behind Christianity today. Jihads are holy wars in order to defend Islam. If you die in battle and are fierce and fearless in battle you go to paradise, this is known as Martyr.

__Quote__
"The world is a prison for the faithful, but a paradise for unbelievers." Muhammad

[|Islam: Empire of Faith] This site has many links, lesson plans with videos, and the pages are easy to read. [|The Crusades] This site talks about the civilizations in the world of Islam. It has many links, pictures, and exams to test your knowledge. [|Islam] This link talks about the monothistic religion, Islam, and talks about how muhamid came about in the religion. It also has vocab and many links. [|Islam world history] This site has many pictures, maps, and videos. It also has quizes to test your knowledge. [|how many wives] This site talks about the behavior of the people and their culture. It also has many links and videos. media type="custom" key="11394374" media type="youtube" key="BXgrIAYzyFU" width="425" height="350"



__Timeline__

 * 1) 630- Muhammad returns to Makkah
 * 2) 632- Muhammad dies
 * 3) 635- The Quran is compiled
 * 4) 661- Umayyads establish Islamic Empire
 * 5) 732- Arab forces defeated at the Battle of Tours
 * 6) 852- Great Mosque of Samarra
 * 7) 900- Arab scholarss work at the House of Wisdom
 * 8) 1187- Saladin's army invades Jerusalem
 * 9) 1258- Mongols capture Bagdad
 * 10) 1382- Ibn-Khaldun teaches at university in Cairo